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Vol. 27, Issue 1, 13-20, January 1999
Division of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Epidemiology, American
Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York (C.C.C., D.J., T.K., F.-L.C.);
and
Department of Medicine, Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University
Medical Center, New York, New York (L.L.)
Naturally occurring phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and its
synthetic homolog 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PHITC) are both effective inhibitors of
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung
tumor development in A/J mice and F344 rats. To help explain why PHITC
is considerably more efficacious than PEITC in chemopreventive potency,
comparative disposition and pharmacokinetics data for male F344 rats
were obtained after a single gavage dose of 50 µmol/kg (3.71 µCi/µmol) [14C]PEITC or 50 µmol/kg (6.59 µCi/µmol) [14C]PHITC in corn oil. After
[14C]PEITC dosing, whole blood 14C peaked at
2.9 h, with an elimination half-life (T1/2e) of
21.7 h; blood 14C from
[14C]PHITC-treated rats peaked at 8.9 h, with an
T1/2e of 20.5 h. In lungs, the target organ, the
T1/2e for [14C]PHITC and its labeled
metabolites were more than twice that for [14C]PEITC and
its labeled metabolites. The effective dose (area under the
concentration-time curve) for 14C from PHITC was
greater than 2.5 times the area under the concentration-time curve of
14C from PEITC in liver, lungs, and several other tissues.
During 48 h, approximately 16.5% of the administered dose of
[14C]PHITC was expired as
[14C]CO2, more than 100 times the
[14C]CO2 expired by rats treated with
[14C]PEITC. In rats given [14C]PEITC,
88.7 ± 2.2% and 9.9 ± 1.9% of the dose appeared in the urine and feces, respectively, during 48 h; however, rats given [14C]PHITC excreted 7.2 ± 0.8% of the dose of
14C in urine and 47.4 ± 14.0% in the feces. Higher
effective doses of PHITC in the lungs and other organs may be the
basis, in part, for its greater potency as a chemopreventive agent.
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