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Vol. 29, Issue 11, 1446-1453, November 2001
,25-Dihydroxyvitamin
D3 Is Human Cell Line-Specific and Is Unlikely to Involve
Pregnane X Receptor
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical
Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan (P.S.-R.); Department of Pharmaceutics,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.E.T., J.M.F.); and
General Clinical Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina (M.F.P., P.B.W.)
Under certain culture conditions, exposure of the human colon
adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 to
1,25-(OH)2-D3 induces expression of CYP3A4 to
levels comparable to that in human small intestinal epithelium. To
determine whether 1,25-(OH)2-D3 could be used
to restore CYP3A expression in other culture models, we examined several cell lines derived from malignancies of human tissues known to
express CYP3A enzymes: Hep G2 (liver), LS180 (colon), HPAC
(pancreas), Hs746T (stomach). Primary cultures of human hepatocytes from two donors were also examined.
1,25-(OH)2-D3 increased CYP3A catalytic
activity in LS180 (15-fold), HPAC (6-fold), and hepatocytes (2- to
3-fold); this was accompanied by induction of CYP3A4 mRNA and CYP3A
immunoreactive protein. However, 1,25-(OH)2-D3
had no effect on CYP3A expression in Hs746T or Hep G2. Known ligands for pregnane X receptor (PXR) (rifampin, dexamethasone, and
dexamethasone t-butyl acetate) markedly induced
CYP3A4 expression in human hepatocytes. In contrast, these ligands had
little or no effect on CYP3A4 expression in Caco-2 cells, even at
concentrations 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than effective
concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 or two other
vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligands (25-OH-D3 and
1-OH-D3). The retinoic acid receptor ligand
all-trans-retinoic acid augmented the
1,25-(OH)2-D3-mediated induction of CYP3A4
catalytic activity up to 2-fold in Caco-2 cells, while having no
demonstrable effect on levels of CYP3A4 mRNA or protein. The retinoid X
receptor ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid appeared to slightly
reduce CYP3A4 catalytic activity. We conclude that
1,25-(OH)2-D3 can be used to increase CYP3A4
expression in some, but not all, human cell lines derived from tissues
known to express CYP3A enzymes. The mechanisms involved in this
induction are unlikely to involve PXR and may involve VDR.
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