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Vol. 30, Issue 3, 314-318, March 2002
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (R.F.T., E.M.S.),
Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology (W.Z., Y.R.,
T.K., H.N., R.F.T., E.M.S.), Psychiatry (E.M.S.), and Medicine
(E.M.S.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Centre for
Research in Women's Health (R.F.T., E.M.S.), University of Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
The interactions of a panel of antifungal agents with cytochromes
P450 (P450s), as a means of predicting potential drug-drug interactions, have not yet been investigated. The objective of this
study was to evaluate the specificity and selectivity of five
antifungal agents using selective probe reactions for each of the eight
major P450s. The index reactions used were phenacetin O-deethylation (for CYP1A2), coumarin 7-hydroxylation
(CYP2A6), diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation (CYP2C9), omeprazole
5-hydroxylation (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan
O-demethylation (CYP2D6),
7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin deethylation (CYP2B6), chlorzoxazone
6-hydroxylation (CYP2E1), and omeprazole sulfonation (CYP3A4). Five
antifungal agents that include an imidazole moiety (clotrimazole,
miconazole, sulconazole, tioconazole, and ketoconazole) were examined
in cDNA-expressing microsomes from human lymphoblast cells or human
liver microsomes. All inhibitors studied demonstrated nonselective
inhibition of P450s. Ketoconazole seemed to be the most selective for
CYP3A4, although it also inhibited CYP2C9. High-affinity inhibition was seen for CYP1A2 (sulconazole and tioconazole
Ki, 0.4 µM), CYP2B6 (miconazole
Ki, 0.05 µM; sulconazole
Ki, 0.04 µM), CYP2C19 (miconazole Ki, 0.05 µM; sulconazole
Ki, 0.008 µM; tioconazole
Ki, 0.04 µM), CYP2C9 (sulconazole
Ki, 0.01 µM), CYP2D6 (miconazole
Ki, 0.70 µM; sulconazole
Ki, 0.40 µM), CYP2E1 (tioconazole
Ki, 0.4 µM), and CYP3A4 (clotrimazole
Ki, 0.02 µM; miconazole
Ki, 0.03 µM; tioconazole
Ki, 0.02 µM). Therefore, this class of
compounds is likely to result in significant drug-drug interactions in vivo.
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