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Vol. 31, Issue 5, 548-558, May 2003
Laboratory of Metabolism (C.P.G., A.M.Y., G.E., T.E.A., C.C.,
K.W.K., F.J.G.) and Laboratory of Animal Resources (L.F.), National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is the most abundant hepatic and
intestinal phase I drug-metabolizing enzyme, and participates in the
oxidative metabolism of approximately 50% of drugs on the market. In the present study, a transgenic-CYP3A4
(Tg-CYP3A4) mouse model that expresses CYP3A4 in the
intestine and is phenotypically normal was generated, which was
genotyped by both polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting.
Intestinal microsomes prepared from Tg-CYP3A4 mice
metabolized midazolam (MDZ) to 1'-hydroxymidazolam about 2 times, and
to 4-hydroxymidazolam around 3 times faster than that from
wild-type (WT) mice. These increased MDZ hydroxylation activities were
completely inhibited by an anti-CYP3A4 monoclonal antibody. The time
course of plasma MDZ and its metabolite concentrations was measured
after intravenous (0.25 mg/kg) and oral (2.5 mg/kg) administration of
MDZ, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by fitting to a
noncompartmental model. Pretreatment with ketoconazole increased orally
dosed MDZ maximum plasma concentration
(Cmax), time of the maximum concentration,
area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity
(AUC0-
), and elimination half-life (t1/2) to 3.2-, 1.7-, 7.7-, 2-fold, and
decreased MDZ apparent oral clearance about 8-fold in
Tg-CYP3A4 mice. The ratios of MDZ Cmax, AUC0-
,
t1/2 and bioavailability between
Tg-CYP3A4 and WT mice after the oral dose of MDZ were
0.3, 0.6, 0.5, and 0.5, respectively. These results suggest that this
Tg-CYP3A4 mouse would be an appropriate in vivo animal
model for the evaluation of human intestine CYP3A4 metabolism of drug
candidates and potential food-drug and drug-drug interactions in
preclinical drug development.
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