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THE SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE OF AN N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST IS LIMITED IN MICE BY THE P-GLYCOPROTEIN AND BREAST CANCER RESISTANCE PROTEIN EFFLUX TRANSPORTERS

Preclinical DMPK (J.W.P., J.E.H., K.H.J., L.O.W., C.J.S.-S.) and Drug Discovery DMPK (T.M.B., A.L.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and Drug Discovery DMPK (R.J.B., G.V., K.D.R.) and Preclinical DMPK (L.B.), GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy

GV196771 [E-4,6-dichloro-3-(2-oxo-1-phenyl-pyrrolidin-3-glydenemethyl)-1H-indole-2 carboxylic acid] is a potent antagonist of the modulatory glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. GV196771 has low oral bioavailability (<10%) and plasma clearance (2 ml/min/kg) in rats. P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that limit the oral absorption of drugs and dietary constituents. The objective of this work was to assess the involvement of Pgp and/or Bcrp on the systemic exposure of GV196771 in mice. In vitro, GV196771 was a Bcrp substrate [basolateral-to-apical/apical-to-basolateral (BA/AB) ratio = 5.1] with high passive membrane permeability (P_app = 64–170 nm/s); however, GV196771 was not an in vitro Mdr1a substrate (BA/AB ratio = 1.9; no effect of GF120918 on efflux ratio). The role of Pgp and Bcrp on the systemic exposure of GV196771 was assessed by pretreatment of wild-type and Pgp-deficient mdr1a/1b^-/- mice with a single oral dose of GF120918 (50 mg/kg; a dual Pgp and Bcrp inhibitor) or vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and 1% Tween 80) 2 h before administration of a single oral dose of GV196771 (2 mg/kg). Compared with wild-type animals, the GV196771 area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC_{(06 h)}] increased 6.2-fold in Pgp-deficient mice, 10.3-fold in GF120918-pretreated wild-type mice, and 16.4-fold in GF120918-pretreated Pgp-deficient mice. C_max values changed in parallel with the AUC_{(06 h)} values; however, t_max remained relatively unchanged. This study supports a role for Pgp and Bcrp in attenuating the systemic exposure of GV196771 in mice and demonstrates that two ABC efflux transporters can have nonredundant roles in attenuating the disposition of a compound.

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