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Drug Metabolism and Disposition Fast Forward
First published on March 5, 2008; DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020388

0090-9556/08/3606-991-994$20.00
DMD 36:991-994, 2008

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SHORT COMMUNICATION

Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C2 Fails to Metabolize Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin in Vitro

Ryan H. Takahashi, Onkar S. Bains, Tom A. Pfeifer, Thomas A. Grigliatti, Ronald E. Reid, and K. Wayne Riggs

Divisions of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics (R.H.T., O.S.B., K.W.R.) and Biomolecular and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (R.E.R.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; and Life Sciences Institute, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (T.A.P., T.A.G.)

The anthracycline drugs are important for the treatment of a number of malignancies; however, their clinical use is associated with dose-dependent severe chronic cardiotoxicity. Although the mechanism for this side effect has not yet been identified, the alcohol metabolites formed during daunorubicin (DAUN) and doxorubicin (DOX) therapies have been implicated. The alcohol metabolites of DAUN and DOX, daunorubicinol (DAUNol) and doxorubicinol (DOXol), respectively, are generated through reduction of the C-13 carbonyl function, which is reportedly mediated by members of the aldo-keto reductase and carbonyl reductase families of proteins. In our search for potential biomarkers for the occurrence of this side effect, we examined the activity of recombinant aldo-keto reductase enzymes, aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1A1 and AKR1C2, with DAUN and DOX as substrates. Using purified histidine-tagged recombinant proteins and the direct measurement of metabolite formation with a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence assay, we did not observe DAUNol or DOXol generation in vitro by AKR1C2, whereas AKR1A1 did catalyze the reduction reactions. DAUNol was generated by AKR1A1 at a rate of 1.71 ± 0.09 nmol/min/mg protein, and a low level of DOXol was produced by AKR1A1; however, it was below the limits of quantification for the method. These data suggest that the generation of DAUNol or DOXol by AKR1C2 metabolism in vivo is unlikely to occur during anthracycline treatment.

Address correspondence to: Dr. K. Wayne Riggs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3. E-mail: riggskw{at}interchange.ubc.ca




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N. Kassner, K. Huse, H.-J. Martin, U. Godtel-Armbrust, A. Metzger, I. Meineke, J. Brockmoller, K. Klein, U. M. Zanger, E. Maser, et al.
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