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Discovery of Novel Functional Variants and Extensive Evaluation of CYP2D6 Genetic Polymorphisms in Koreans

Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center (S.-J.L., S.S.L., H.-J.J., H.-S.K., S.-J.P., C.-W.Y., J.-G.S.), and Department of Clinical Pharmacology (C.-W.Y., J.-G.S.), Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea

Our objectives were to identify CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms in a Korean population, to compare the allele frequencies with those of other ethnic groups, and to evaluate variant-induced functional variations in dextromethorphan (DM) metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Thirty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2D6 were identified by direct DNA sequencing in 51 Koreans. An extended set of 707 subjects were screened for the identified variants. A group of 202 healthy subjects was subjected to phenotypic analysis on DM metabolism. CYP2D6*10 was found to be the most frequent allele (45.6%), followed by CYP2D6*1 (32.3%), *2 (9.9%), *5 (5.6%), *41 (2.2%), *49 (1.4%), and some other rare alleles (<1%). The newly identified E418K and S183Stop were assigned as CYP2D6*52 and CYP2D6*60, respectively, by the Human P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Committee. Individuals having the CYP2D6*10/*49 genotype (n = 5) exhibited a significant decrease in CYP2D6 metabolic activity compared with those with the CYP2D6*1/*1 genotype (n = 31) (P < 0.019). Variations in CYP2D6 protein levels in liver tissues (n = 49) were observed with CYP2D6 genotypes, and correlation between the CYP2D6 protein content and the activity was significant (r² = 0.7). Given the importance of CYP2D6 in drug metabolism, subjects with the CYP2D6*10/*49 genotype may benefit from genotype analysis to achieve optimal drug therapy.