Received for publication May 14, 2004.
Revised July 8, 2004.
Accepted for publication July 12, 2004.

Plasma pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A after intraperitoneal administration to mice

Abstract

Trichostatin A is a potent and specific histone deacetylase inhibitor with promising antitumor activity in preclinical models. Plasma pharmacokinetics of trichostatin A were studied following single dose intraperitoneal administration of 80 mg/kg (high dose) or 0.5 mg/kg (low dose) to female Balb/C mice. Plasma trichostatin A concentrations were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV assay (high dose) or by HPLC-multiple reaction monitoring assay (low dose). Trichostatin A was rapidly absorbed from the peritoneum and detectable in plasma within 2 min. C_max of 40 µg/ml and 8 ng/ml occurred within 5 min followed by rapid exponential decay in plasma trichostatin A concentration with t 6.3 min and 9.6 min (high and low doses, respectively). Phase I metabolites at the high dose were identified by simultaneous UV and positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Trichostatin A underwent extensive metabolism: primary metabolic pathways were N-demethylation, reduction of the hydroxamic acid to the corresponding trichostatin A amide, and oxidative deamination to trichostatic acid. N-monomethyl trichostatin A amide was the major plasma metabolite. No didemethylated compounds were identified. Trichostatic acid underwent further biotransformation: reduction and oxidation of the carboxylic acid, with or without N-demethylation, resulted in formation of dihydro trichostatic acid and dinor dihydro trichostatic acids. HPLC fractions corresponding to trichostatin A and N-demethylated trichostatin A exhibited histone deacetylase inhibitory activity; no other fractions were biologically active. We conclude that trichostatin A is rapidly and extensively metabolized in vivo following intraperitoneal administration to mice and N-demethylation does not compromise histone deacetylase inhibitory activity.

Key words: acetylation, anticancer agents, metabolite indentification, pharmacokinetics

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