Received for publication November 6, 2006.
Revised January 9, 2007.
Accepted for publication January 10, 2007.

Glucuronidation of Antiallergic Drug, Tranilast: Identification of Human UGT Isoforms and Effect of Its Phase I Metabolite

Abstract

Tranilast is an oral anti-allergic agent widely used in Japan. Recently, in Western populations, hyperbilirubinemia induced by tranilast was suspected during clinical trials. Tranilast has been reported to be mainly metabolized to a glucuronide and a phase I metabolite, 4-demethyltranilast (N-3). In the present study, we investigated the in vitro metabolism of tranilast in human liver and jejunum microsomes and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The glucuronidation of tranilast was clarified to be mainly catalyzed by UGT1A1 in human liver and intestine. The K_m values of tranilast glucuronosyltransferase activity were 51.5, 50.6, and 38.0 µM in human liver microsomes, human jejunum microsomes, and recombinant UGT1A1, respectively. The V_max values were 10.4, 42.9, and 19.7 pmol/min/mg protein in human liver microsomes, human jejunum microsomes, and recombinant UGT1A1, respectively. When the intrinsic clearance was calculated using the in vitro kinetic parameters, microsomal protein content, and weight of tissues, tranilast glucuronosyltransferase activity was 2.5-fold higher in liver than in intestine. Tranilast glucuronosyltransferase activity was strongly inhibited by bilirubin, a typical UGT1A1 substrate, and N-3, indicating that the phase I metabolite could affect the tranilast glucuronosyltransferase activity. In the case of N-3 formation, the K_m and V_max values were 37.1 µM and 27.6 pmol/min/mg protein in human liver microsomes. The bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity was strongly inhibited by both tranilast and N-3, suggesting that tranilast-induced hyperbilirubinemia would be responsible for the inhibition by tranilast and N-3 of the bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity as would the UGT1A1 genotype.

Key words: glucuronidation, inhibition, metabolite kinetics, phase II drug metabolism

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