Abstract
ABT-384 [1-piperazineacetamide, N-[5-(aminocarbonyl) tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-2-yl]-α,α-dimethyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-,stereoisomer] is a potent and selective inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD-1). ABT-384 has been shown to be safe and well tolerated in humans at doses up to 100 mg daily, and to fully inhibit both peripheral and brain HSD-1 at a dose of 2 mg daily. The effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of ABT-384 and its two active metabolites, A-1331480 and A-847082, was investigated in healthy volunteers. When 10 mg of ABT-384 was coadministered with ketoconazole, ABT-384 exposures increased 18-fold for area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity and 3.5-fold for Cmax. The results suggest that ABT-384 is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A. After ketoconazole coadministration, exposures of A-1331480 and A-847082 were also greatly increased. A population pharmacokinetic model was constructed for ABT-384 and its metabolites using NonMEM. A two-compartment model with three transit absorption compartments best described ABT-384 data. The model predicted a 69.3% decrease in ABT-384 clearance and 91.1% increase in the volume of distribution of ABT-384 in the presence of ketoconazole. A-1331480 was shown to be formation rate–limited and A-847082 was elimination rate–limited. Both metabolites were characterized by a one-compartment model with first-order rate constants of formation and elimination. Overall the model adequately captured the concentration-time profiles of ABT-384, A-1331480, and A-847082 in both ABT-384-alone and ketoconazole-coadministration conditions. Although ABT-384 exposures were greatly increased in the presence of ketoconazole, coadministration of ABT-384 with ketoconazole or other strong/moderate CYP3A inhibitors is not expected to contribute to any major clinical safety issues considering the favorable safety profile of ABT-384.
Footnotes
- Received October 18, 2012.
- Accepted February 19, 2013.
The study presented in this article was sponsored by AbbVie. AbbVie contributed to the study design, research, and interpretation of data, writing, reviewing, and approval of the publication. G.A. is a former AbbVie employee. All other authors are AbbVie employees.
- Copyright © 2013 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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