Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate and extent of hydroquinone (HQ) absorption and first pass metabolism in the lungs of male rats in vivo. [14C]HQ in physiological saline was administered intratracheally via an indwelling endotracheal tube to simulate inhalation exposure to HQ dust. The bioavailability of HQ was determined by blood sampling simultaneously at arterial and venous sites beginning immediately after administration to conscious rats. Pulmonary absorption and metabolism, and systemic metabolism and elimination were determined by chromatographic analysis of parent compound and metabolites in blood samples after intratracheal administration of [14C]HQ at 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg. Pulmonary absorption of HQ was found to be very rapid with [14C]HQ detectable in arterial blood, and to a lesser extent in venous blood, within 5 to 10 s after dose administration. Only [14C]HQ was detected in the initial (5–10 s) arterial blood samples at all dose levels, indicating that pulmonary metabolism of HQ was not extensive. However, later blood samples (45–720 s) indicated rapid metabolism and elimination of the parent compound and metabolites after intratracheal absorption. The elimination half-life from the 0.1 mg/kg dose was allometrically scaled to human proportions and used to estimate the steady-state (maximum) human blood concentrations of HQ resulting from presupposed workplace exposures. The estimates indicated minimal levels of HQ in human blood after respiratory exposures of greater than 1 h at 0.1 or 2.0 mg/m3; these levels were less than background concentrations of HQ detected in human blood in previous studies.
Footnotes
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Send reprint requests to: Dr. Peter J. Deisinger, Ph.D., Eastman Kodak Company, B-320, Kodak Park, Rochester, NY 14652-6272. E-mail: pdeising{at}Kodak.COM
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This study was sponsored by the Chemical Manufacturers Association Hydroquinone Panel, 1300 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209. The panel membership consists of Eastman Chemical Company, Rhone-Poulenc, Inc., Mitsui Petrochemicals (America), Ltd., Borregaard, and UBE Industries. Portions of this study were presented at the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology, and appear in abstract form in the Program and Abstracts, November 9–12, 1997, P-24.
- Abbreviations used are::
- HQ
- hydroquinone
- LS
- liquid scintillation
- AUC
- area under the curve
- Varea
- volume of distribution
- Css
- steady-state concentration
- Ct
- concentration at time t
- k0
- constant rate
- kelim
- first order elimination rate constant
- TWA
- time-weighted average
- Received May 13, 1998.
- Accepted December 8, 1998.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics