Abstract
The current study has examined whether drugs that are transported to the systemic circulation via the intestinal lymph (and therefore associate with lipoproteins within the enterocyte) are accessible to enterocyte-based metabolic processes. The impact of changes to the mass of lipid present within the enterocyte-based lymph lipid precursor pool (LLPP) on the extent of enterocyte-based drug metabolism has also been addressed. Low (5 mg oleic acid/h) or high [20 mg oleic acid/5.2 mg lyso-phosphatidylcholine/h] lipid dose formulations containing halofantrine (which is lymphatically transported and metabolized) or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (which is lymphatically transported and relatively metabolically inert) and radiolabeled oleic acid were infused into the duodenum of lymph duct-cannulated rats. After 5 h, drug and radiolabeled oleic acid were removed from the infusions, allowing calculation of the first order turnover rate constants describing drug and oleic acid transport from the LLPP into lymph from the washout profiles. In one group of animals, bolus doses of ketoconazole were also administered to inhibit cytochrome P450-based metabolism. The rate constant describing halofantrine transport from the LLPP into the lymph was lower than that of oleic acid, whereas these differences were abolished in the presence of ketoconazole. DDT and oleic acid exhibited similar turnover rate constants. The data therefore suggest that enterocyte-based metabolism removes halofantrine from the LLPP before transport into the lymph. Furthermore, enhancing the lymphatic transport of halofantrine by coadministration of larger quantities of lipid reduced the difference between the turnover rate constant for halofantrine and oleic acid and seemed to reduce the extent of enterocyte-based metabolism.
Footnotes
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Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org.
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doi:10.1124/dmd.105.008102.
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ABBREVIATIONS: LLPP, lymph lipid precursor pool; SER, smooth endoplasmic reticulum; LPC, l-α-lyso-phosphatidylcholine; DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; (dXL/dt)ss, steady-state rate of total fatty acid transport into lymph; KX, first order rate constant describing fatty acid transport from the LLPP into the lymph; XLP, mass of lipid in the LLPP; (dDL/dt)ss, steady-state rate of drug transport into lymph; KD, first order rate constant describing drug transport from the LLPP into the lymph; DLP, mass of drug in the LLPP; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; BP, benzo(a)pyrene.
- Received October 30, 2005.
- Accepted January 31, 2006.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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