Abstract
The drug metyrapone in the presence of glucocorticoid has been shown to induce the expression of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 mRNA in vivo and in vitro through disruption of endogenous CYP1A1 regulator homeostasis and without either compound's binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Addition of metyrapone to human liver cancer cell cultures, with or without dexamethasone, did not induce CYP1A1 mRNA, in contrast to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand β-naphthoflavone. Addition of metyrapone to primary cultures of human hepatocytes also failed to induce detectable levels of CYP1A1 mRNA or CYP1A protein in two separate preparations, whereas the treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin or omeprazole induced detectable levels of CYP1A1 mRNA in one preparation and CYP1A protein in both preparations. Addition of metyrapone to human hepatocyte cultures resulted in the induction of CYP3A4 expression. The pregnane X receptor (PXR), which has recently been shown to mediate the transcriptional induction of CYP3A4 expression in response to rifampicin, was activated by metyrapone in CV-1 cells transiently cotransfected with an expression vector encoding the human PXR and a reporter construct containing the everted repeat sequence that confers CYP3A4 induction responsiveness to inducers within its promoter. Metyrapone activated the human PXR at concentrations that also resulted in the induction of CYP3A4 in human cultured hepatocytes. Metyrapone treatment is therefore unlikely to result in the induction of CYP1A1 but may induce the expression of CYP3A4 in humans.
Footnotes
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Send reprint requests to: Dr. M. C. Wright, University Medicine, Level D, South Block (811), Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. E-mail:mcw{at}soton.ac.uk
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↵1 Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill St., London NW3 2PF, UK.
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This work was supported in part by a short-term fellowship from the European Science Foundation (to J.L.H.).
- Abbreviations used are::
- CYP
- cytochrome P-450
- AhR
- aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- β-NF
- β-naphthoflavone
- CAT
- chloramphenicol acetyl transferase
- ER6
- everted repeat
- Gra-PDH
- glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
- PXR
- pregnane X receptor
- TCDD
- 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin
- XRE
- xenobiotic response element
- TBS-T
- Tris-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20
- DMEM
- Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- Received June 16, 1999.
- Accepted September 23, 1999.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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