RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Pharmacokinetic assessment of the dermal absorption of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in cattle.
JF Drug Metabolism and Disposition
JO Drug Metab Dispos
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 106
OP 112
VO 22
IS 1
A1 W G Taylor
A1 T J Danielson
A1 R W Spooner
A1 L R Golsteyn
YR 1994
UL http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/22/1/106.abstract
AB Model-independent pharmacokinetic methods based on statistical moments were applied to investigate the plasma disposition characteristics of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET insect repellent) after single-dose treatment of experimental cattle by rapid intravenous injection (2.5-2.7 mg/kg) and by dermal application (10 mg/kg) to the back. DEET was determined in jugular blood samples by capillary GC with a nitrogen-selective detector and an internal standard of N,N-dipropyl-m-toluamide. Using weighted least squares linear regression analysis, the assay was validated over the concentration range of 19-1910 ng/ml of plasma. Comparison of areas under the plasma concentration-time curves after intravenous and dermal treatments of four Hereford heifers indicated that 72.9 +/- 8.3% (mean +/- SD) of the dermally applied dose was absorbed into the systemic circulation. The time-to-peak plasma concentrations following dermal treatments was 37.5 +/- 8.7 min. Apparent elimination rate constants were not significantly different between the two routes of administration. Linear pharmacokinetics was demonstrated with four additional cattle by comparing systemic clearance after intravenous infusion to steady-state plasma levels of approximately 0.5 and 2.5 micrograms/ml. The rapid and extensive dermal absorption of DEET observed in this study will probably contribute to a short duration of insect repellent action if ethanol-based sprays are used to protect cattle under field conditions.