RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 PREDICTION OF METABOLIC CLEARANCE USING CRYOPRESERVED HUMAN HEPATOCYTES: KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR FIVE BENZODIAZEPINES
JF Drug Metabolism and Disposition
JO Drug Metab Dispos
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 1852
OP 1858
DO 10.1124/dmd.105.005389
VO 33
IS 12
A1 Hallifax, David
A1 Rawden, Helen C.
A1 Hakooz, Nancy
A1 Houston, J. Brian
YR 2005
UL http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/33/12/1852.abstract
AB Predictions of intrinsic clearance (CLint) from human liver microsomes often underestimate in vivo observations. In this study, a series of five benzodiazepines was used as prototypic CYP3A4 substrates to investigate the prediction of clearance from the less studied alternative in vitro system, cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Formation of the two major metabolites from midazolam, triazolam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, and alprazolam was measured in cryopreserved human hepatocytes from five donors; the kinetics were characterized and CLint values were determined and scaled to predict CLint in vivo. At least one of the two major pathways of metabolic clearance of each benzodiazepine was characterized by autoactivation in hepatocytes; the extent to which this occurred varied depending on substrate and liver (up to 8-fold). Heteroactivation by testosterone of these pathways was also observed (up to 6-fold). The maximum autoactivated clearance was used to predict in vivo CLint (1.6–138 ml/min/kg) which closely agreed with values previously obtained using human liver microsomes. Comparison with in vivo CLint indicates that cryopreserved human hepatocytes systematically underpredict CLint. When three previous studies (documenting CLint for substrates of various enzymes in cryopreserved human hepatocytes using drug depletion-time profiles) were considered as well, the combined data show a consistent underprediction of 5.6-fold. Collectively it is demonstrated that the predicted hepatic intrinsic clearances from cryopreserved hepatocytes show an excellent rank order with in vivo findings but are systematically underpredicting the in vivo value. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics