TY - JOUR T1 - The Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Novel Neuromodulator RWJ-333369 (1,2-Ethanediol, [1-2-Chlorophenyl]-, 2-carbamate, [<em>S</em>]-) in Humans JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition JO - Drug Metab Dispos SP - 554 LP - 565 DO - 10.1124/dmd.106.011940 VL - 35 IS - 4 AU - G. S. J. Mannens AU - J. Hendrickx AU - C. G. M. Janssen AU - S. Chien AU - B. Van Hoof AU - T. Verhaeghe AU - M. Kao AU - M. F. Kelley AU - I. Goris AU - M. Bockx AU - B. Verreet AU - M. Bialer AU - W. Meuldermans Y1 - 2007/04/01 UR - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/35/4/554.abstract N2 - RWJ-333369 (1,2-ethanediol, [1-2-chlorophenyl]-, 2-carbamate, [S]-; CAS Registry Number 194085-75-1) is a novel neuromodulator in clinical development for the treatment of epilepsy. To study the disposition of RWJ-333369, eight healthy male subjects received a single oral dose of 500 mg of 14C-RWJ-333369. Urine, feces, and plasma were collected for analysis for up to 1 week after dosing. Radioactivity was mainly excreted in urine (93.8 ± 6.6%) and much less in feces (2.5 ± 1.6%). RWJ-333369 was extensively metabolized in humans, since only low amounts of parent drug were excreted in urine (1.7% on average) and feces (trace amounts). The major biotransformation pathways were direct O-glucuronidation (44% of the dose), and hydrolysis of the carbamate ester followed by oxidation to 2-chloromandelic acid, which was subsequently metabolized in parallel to 2-chlorophenyl glycine and 2-chlorobenzoic acid (mean percentage of the dose for the three acids together was 36%). Other routes were chiral inversion followed by O-glucuronidation (11%), and aromatic hydroxylation in combination with sulfate conjugation (5%). In plasma, unchanged drug accounted for 76.5% of the total radioactivity, with the R-enantiomer and the O-glucuronide of the parent drug as the only measurable plasma metabolites. With the use of very sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques, only traces of aromatic (pre)mercapturic acid conjugates were detected in urine (each &lt;0.3% of the dose), suggesting a low potential for reactive metabolite formation. In conclusion, the disposition of RWJ-333369 in humans is characterized by virtually complete absorption, extensive metabolism, and unchanged drug as the only significant circulating species. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ER -