TY - JOUR T1 - Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in the Normal Human Brain: Regional and Cellular Mapping as a Basis for Putative Roles in Cerebral Function JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition JO - Drug Metab Dispos SP - 1528 LP - 1538 DO - 10.1124/dmd.109.027011 VL - 37 IS - 7 AU - Fabien Dutheil AU - Sandrine Dauchy AU - Monique Diry AU - Véronique Sazdovitch AU - Olivier Cloarec AU - Lucille Mellottée AU - Ivan Bièche AU - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg AU - Jean-Pierre Flinois AU - Isabelle de Waziers AU - Philippe Beaune AU - Xavier Declèves AU - Charles Duyckaerts AU - Marie-Anne Loriot Y1 - 2009/07/01 UR - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/37/7/1528.abstract N2 - Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters modulate the transport and metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substrates and could play crucial roles in the human brain. In this study, we report the transcript expression profile of seven ABC transporters (ABCB1, ABCC1–C5, and ABCG2), 24 P450s (CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families and CYP46A1), and 14 related transcription factors [aryl hydrocarbon receptor, nuclear receptor (NR)1I2/pregnane X receptor, NR1I3/constitutive androstane receptor and NR1C/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NR1H/liver X receptor, NR2B/retinoid X receptor, and NR3A/estrogen receptor subfamilies] in the whole brain, the dura mater, and 17 different encephalic areas. In addition, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to characterize the distribution of the P450s at the cellular and subcellular levels in some brain regions. Our results show the presence of a large variety of xenobiotic transporters and metabolizing enzymes in human brain and show for the first time their apparent selective distribution in different cerebral regions. The most abundant transporters were ABCC5 and ABCG2, which, interestingly, had a higher mRNA expression in the brain compared with that found in the liver. CYP46A1, CYP2J2, CYP2U1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1, and CYP2D6 represented more than 90% of the total P450 and showed selective distribution in different brain regions. Their presence in both microsomal and mitochondrial fractions was shown both in neuronal and glial cells in several brain areas. Thus, our study shows key enzymes of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism to be present in the human brain and provides novel information of importance for elucidation of enzymes responsible for normal and pathological processes in the human brain. ER -