PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sonia Khier
AU  - Florence Gattacceca
AU  - Safia El Messaoudi
AU  - Florian Lafaille
AU  - Carine Deleuze-Masquéfa
AU  - Jacques Bompart
AU  - Jean-François Cooper
AU  - Isabelle Solassol
AU  - Frédéric Pinguet
AU  - Pierre-Antoine Bonnet
AU  - Françoise M. M. Bressolle
TI  - Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of EAPB0203 and EAPB0503, Two Imidazoquinoxaline Compounds Previously Shown to Have Antitumoral Activity on Melanoma and T-Lymphomas
AID  - 10.1124/dmd.110.034579
DP  - 2010 Oct 01
TA  - Drug Metabolism and Disposition
PG  - 1836--1847
VI  - 38
IP  - 10
4099  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/38/10/1836.short
4100  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/38/10/1836.full
SO  - Drug Metab Dispos2010 Oct 01; 38
AB  - For several years, our group has been developing quinoxalinic compounds. Two of them, N-methyl-1-(2-phenethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4-amine (EAPB0203) and 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4-amine (EAPB0503), have emerged as the most promising anticancer drugs. In the present work, we determined metabolism pathways using liver microsomes from four mammalian species including human. We identified the cytochrome P450 isoform(s) involved in the metabolism and then investigated the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 in rat after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. Biotransformation of the compounds involved demethylation and hydroxylation reactions. Rat and dog metabolized the compounds at a higher rate than mouse and human. In all species, CYP1A1/2 and CYP3A isoforms were the predominant enzymes responsible for the metabolism. From human liver microsomes, unbound intrinsic clearances were approximately 56 ml/(min · g) protein. EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 were extensively bound to human plasma proteins, mainly human serum albumin (HSA) (∼98–99.5%). Thus, HSA could act as carrier of these compounds in human plasma. Scatchard plots showed patterns in which the plots yielded upwardly convex hyperbolic curves. On the basis of the Hill coefficients, there appears to be interaction between the binding sites of HSA, suggesting positive cooperativity. The main in vitro metabolites were identified in vivo. Total clearances of EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 [3.2 and 2.2 l/(h · kg), respectively] were notably lower than the typical cardiac plasma output in rat. The large volumes of distribution of these compounds (4.3 l/kg for EAPB0203 and 2.5 l/kg for EAPB0503) were consistent with extensive tissue binding. After intraperitoneal administration, bioavailability was 22.7% for EAPB0203 and 35% for EAPB0503 and a significant hepatic first-pass effect occurred.