PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Stuart W. Paine
AU  - Karelle Ménochet
AU  - Rebecca Denton
AU  - Dermot F. McGinnity
AU  - Robert J. Riley
TI  - Prediction of Human Renal Clearance from Preclinical Species for a Diverse Set of Drugs That Exhibit Both Active Secretion and Net Reabsorption
AID  - 10.1124/dmd.110.037267
DP  - 2011 Jun 01
TA  - Drug Metabolism and Disposition
PG  - 1008--1013
VI  - 39
IP  - 6
4099  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/39/6/1008.short
4100  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/39/6/1008.full
SO  - Drug Metab Dispos2011 Jun 01; 39
AB  - Identifying any extrahepatic excretion phenomenon in preclinical species is crucial for an accurate prediction of the pharmacokinetics in man. This understanding is particularly key for drugs with a small volume of distribution, because they require an especially low total clearance to be suitable for a once-a-day dosing regimen in man. In this study, three animal scaling techniques were applied for the prediction of the human renal clearance of 36 diverse drugs that show active secretion or net reabsorption: 1) direct correlations between renal clearance in man and each of the two main preclinical species (rat and dog); 2) simple allometry; and 3) Mahmood's renal clearance scaling method. The results show clearly that the predictions to man for the methods are improved significantly when corrections are made for species differences in plasma protein binding. Overall, the most accurate predictions were obtained by using a direct correlation with the dog renal clearance after correcting for differences in plasma protein binding and kidney blood flow (r2 = 0.84), where predictions, on average, were within 2-fold of the observed renal clearance values in human.