RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Paracetamol-Induced Hypothermia Is Independent of Cannabinoids and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 and Is Not Mediated by AM404
JF Drug Metabolism and Disposition
JO Drug Metab Dispos
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 1689
OP 1695
DO 10.1124/dmd.111.038638
VO 39
IS 9
A1 Samir S. Ayoub
A1 Gareth Pryce
A1 Michael P. Seed
A1 Christopher Bolton
A1 Roderick J. Flower
A1 David Baker
YR 2011
UL http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/39/9/1689.abstract
AB In recent years, there has been increasing interest in hypothermia induced by paracetamol for therapeutic purposes, which, in some instances, has been reported as a side effect. Understanding the mechanism by which paracetamol induces hypothermia is therefore an important question. In this study, we investigated whether the novel metabolite of paracetamol, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)arachidonylamide (AM404), which activates the cannabinoid (CB) and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) systems, mediates the paracetamol-induced hypothermia. The hypothermic response to 300 mg/kg paracetamol in CB1 receptor (CB1R) and TRPV1 knockout mice was compared to wild-type mice. Hypothermia induced by paracetamol was also investigated in animals pretreated with the CB1R or TRPV1 antagonist 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-1-piperdinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide trifluoroacetate salt (AM251) or 4′-chloro-3-methoxycinnamanilide (SB366791), respectively. In CB1R or TRPV1 knockout mice, paracetamol induced hypothermia to the same extent as in wild-type mice. In addition, in C57BL/6 mice pretreated with AM251 or SB366791, paracetamol induced hypothermia to the same extent as in control mice. AM404 failed to induce hypothermia at pharmacological doses. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which is involved in the metabolism of paracetamol to AM404, did not prevent the development of hypothermia with paracetamol. Paracetamol also induced hypothermia in FAAH knockout mice to the same extent as wild-type mice. We conclude that paracetamol induces hypothermia independent of cannabinoids and TRPV1 and that AM404 does not mediate this response. In addition, potential therapeutic value of combinational drug-induced hypothermia is supported by experimental evidence.