TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) as a regulator of glucose homeostasis and a potential sensor of gut bacteria JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition JO - Drug Metab Dispos DO - 10.1124/dmd.117.076612 SP - dmd.117.076612 AU - Flora Scott AU - Sandra G Gonzalez Malagon AU - Brett A O'Brien AU - Diede Fennema AU - Sunil Veeravalli AU - Clarissa R Coveney AU - Ian R Phillips AU - Elizabeth A. Shephard Y1 - 2017/01/01 UR - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2017/06/20/dmd.117.076612.abstract N2 - We have previously identified flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) as a regulator of metabolic ageing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of FMO5 in glucose homeostasis and the impact of diet and gut flora on the phenotype of mice in which the Fmo5 gene has been disrupted (Fmo5-/- mice). In comparison with wild-type (WT) counterparts, Fmo5-/- mice are resistant to age-related changes in glucose homeostasis and maintain the higher glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity characteristic of young animals. When fed a high-fat diet they are protected against weight gain and reduction of insulin sensitivity. The phenotype of Fmo5-/- mice is independent of diet and the gut microbiome and is determined solely by the host genotype. Fmo5-/- mice have similar metabolic characteristics to germ-free mice indicating that FMO5 plays a role in sensing or responding to gut bacteria. In WT mice, FMO5 is present in the mucosal epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract where it is induced in response to a high-fat diet. In comparison with WT mice, Fmo5-/- mice have fewer colonic goblet cells and they differ in the production of the colonic hormone resistin-like molecule β. Fmo5-/- mice have lower concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α in plasma and of complement component 3 in epididymal white adipose tissue, indicative of improved inflammatory tone. Our results implicate FMO5 as a regulator of body weight and of glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity and, thus, identify FMO5 as a potential novel therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance. ER -