PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - M. Karlgren
AU  - I. Simoff
AU  - M. Keiser
AU  - S. Oswald
AU  - P. Artursson
TI  - CRISPR-Cas9: A New Addition to the Drug Metabolism and Disposition Tool Box
AID  - 10.1124/dmd.118.082842
DP  - 2018 Nov 01
TA  - Drug Metabolism and Disposition
PG  - 1776--1786
VI  - 46
IP  - 11
4099  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/46/11/1776.short
4100  - http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/46/11/1776.full
SO  - Drug Metab Dispos2018 Nov 01; 46
AB  - Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), i.e., CRISPR-Cas9, has been extensively used as a gene-editing technology during recent years. Unlike earlier technologies for gene editing or gene knockdown, such as zinc finger nucleases and RNA interference, CRISPR-Cas9 is comparably easy to use, affordable, and versatile. Recently, CRISPR-Cas9 has been applied in studies of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and for ADME model generation. To date, about 50 papers have been published describing in vitro or in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of ADME and ADME-related genes. Twenty of these papers describe gene editing of clinically relevant genes, such as ATP-binding cassette drug transporters and cytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes. With CRISPR-Cas9, the ADME tool box has been substantially expanded. This new technology allows us to develop better and more predictive in vitro and in vivo ADME models and map previously underexplored ADME genes and gene families. In this mini-review, we give an overview of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and summarize recent applications of CRISPR-Cas9 within the ADME field. We also speculate about future applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in ADME research.