Table 1

Input parameters used for simulations according to both TM and SFM on intestinal clearance and bioavailability

Description	Symbol	TM	SFM
Oral dose	Dose_p.o.	100^1-a	100^1-a
i.v. dose	Dose_i.v.	100^1-a	100^1-a
Compartment volumes (ml)
Reservoir	V_R	200^1-a	200^1-a
Intestinal tissue	V_int	3^1-b
Enterocyte layer	V_en		0.3^1-c
Serosa and other tissues	V_s		2.7^1-d
Intestinal blood volume	V_int,b	1.62^1-b
Enterocyte blood	V_en,b		0.162^1-c
Serosal blood	V_s,b		1.458^1-d
Flow rate (ml/min)
Intestinal blood	Q_I	8^1-a
Mucosa blood to enterocyte layer	Q_en		0.8^1-e
Serosa and other tissue blood	Q_s		7.2^1-f
Clearances (ml/min)
Drug transport clearance	CL_d	0.5 or 50	0.5 or 50
Metabolic intrinsic clearance	CL_m	0.1 to 50^1-g	0.1 to 50
Secretory intrinsic clearance	CL_sec	0 to 50^1-g	0 to 50
Absorption rate constant (min⁻¹)	k_a	0.01 to 10^1-g	0.01 to 10
Luminal degradation rate constant (min⁻¹)	k_g	0.5^1-g	0.5

↵1-a Assigned parameters.
↵1-b Value estimated based on Harrison and Gibaldi (1977) where 10 ml was used for a 360-g rat (including cecum and stomach) and the average intestinal weight = 3 g (ref. Doherty and Pang, 2000).
↵1-c Value associated with the designated flow to the enterocytes (0.1 × Q_I).
↵1-d Value associated with the designated flow to the serosal and other tissue layer (0.9 × Q_I).
↵1-e Q_en = 0.1 × Q_I(assigned).
↵1-f Q_s = 0.9 × Q_I(assigned).
↵1-g Parameters varied during simulations.