Treatment Group | Route | Kawain Dosea | Body Weight | Cmax | Tmax | λz | T1/2λz b | AUC08 c | AUC0∞ | Vss/F | CL/F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mg/kg | kg | μg/ml | h | h–1 | h | μg-min/ml | μg-min/ml | l/kg | ml/min/kg | |||
Single dose | i.v. | Mean | 7.19 | 0.185 | 7.2c | 0 | 1.5 | 0.63 | N.D. | 82 | 2.7d | 89d |
S.E.M. | 0.058 | 0.0019 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.23 | 5 | 0.9 | 6 | ||||
Single dose | Oral | Mean | 96.7 | 0.208 | 2.6 | 0.88 | 0.58 | 1.3 | 530 | 550 | 32 | 190 |
S.E.M. | 0.659 | 0.00250 | 0.2 | 0.24 | 0.082 | 0.2 | 75 | 75 | 3 | 23 | ||
Coadministration of kava extract | Oral | Mean | 99.3 | 0.203 | 5.4 | 2.5 | ID | ID | 1500e | ID | ID | ID |
S.E.M. | 0.897 | 0.00108 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 110 | |||||||
Repeated dose | Oral | Mean | 102 | 0.188 | 4.7 | 0.4 | 0.57 | 1.5 | 420 | 450 | 28 | 260 |
|
| S.E.M. | 1.53 | 0.00222 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 0.4 | 61 | 75 | 5 | 44 |
N.D., not determined; ID, insufficient data available for calculation.
↵ a Dose at single or last treatment administration
↵ b Calculated as harmonic mean
↵ c C0 obtained by extrapolation of concentration-time data to time zero
↵ d Calculated using 100% bioavailability
↵ e Statistically different from single dose oral administration treatment group (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The i.v.-treated animals were not compared against other groups for statistical evaluation