TABLE 2

Mean plasma kawain pharmacokinetics in male rats

Treatment Group
Route
Kawain Dosea
Body Weight
Cmax
Tmax
λz
T1/2λz b
AUC08 c
AUC0∞
Vss/F
CL/F
mg/kg kg μg/ml h h–1 h μg-min/ml μg-min/ml l/kg ml/min/kg
Single dose i.v. Mean 7.19 0.185 7.2c 0 1.5 0.63 N.D. 82 2.7d 89d
S.E.M. 0.058 0.0019 0.6 0.4 0.23 5 0.9 6
Single dose Oral Mean 96.7 0.208 2.6 0.88 0.58 1.3 530 550 32 190
S.E.M. 0.659 0.00250 0.2 0.24 0.082 0.2 75 75 3 23
Coadministration of kava extract Oral Mean 99.3 0.203 5.4 2.5 ID ID 1500e ID ID ID
S.E.M. 0.897 0.00108 0.7 0.9 110
Repeated dose Oral Mean 102 0.188 4.7 0.4 0.57 1.5 420 450 28 260
S.E.M.
1.53
0.00222
1.2
0.2
0.15
0.4
61
75
5
44

  • N.D., not determined; ID, insufficient data available for calculation.

  • ↵ a Dose at single or last treatment administration

  • ↵ b Calculated as harmonic mean

  • ↵ c C0 obtained by extrapolation of concentration-time data to time zero

  • ↵ d Calculated using 100% bioavailability

  • ↵ e Statistically different from single dose oral administration treatment group (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The i.v.-treated animals were not compared against other groups for statistical evaluation