Digoxin pharmacokinetic parameters before and after supplementation/drug phases (mean ± S.D.)
Supplement/Drug Phase | AUC(0-3) | AUC(0-24) | CL/F | t1/2 | Cmax | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ng/h/ml | l/h/kg | h | ng/ml | |||
| Pre-clarithromycin | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 13.4 ± 3.1 | 15.1 ± 6.7 | 38.6 ± 20.7 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | |
| Post-clarithromycin | 6.3 ± 1.5*** | 18.1 ± 4.3*** | 9.3 ± 5.6*** | 58.0 ± 39.2* | 4.3 ± 1.2** | |
| Pre-rifampin | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 14.7 ± 2.7 | 16.6 ± 5.6 | 30.8 ± 19.8 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | |
| Post-rifampin | 4.2 ± 1.3*** | 12.4 ± 2.6*** | 19.6 ± 8.6 | 31.4 ± 20.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9* | |
| Pre-milk thistle | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 13.8 ± 3.1 | 17.1 ± 6.1 | 33.7 ± 10.9 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | |
| Post-milk thistle | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 12.5 ± 2.9 | 17.6 ± 6.1 | 34.1 ± 12.9 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | |
| Pre-black cohosh | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 13.2 ± 3.1 | 15.9 ± 4.4 | 36.1 ± 18.7 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | |
| Post-black cohosh | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 13.9 ± 3.2 | 16.2 ± 10.6 | 39.4 ± 19.0 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | |
t1/2, elimination half-life.
↵* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.