TABLE 1

Effect of galactosamine administration on alterations of bile flow, bile salt output, and serum markers induced by EE All parameters were assessed after a 5-day treatment with ethinylestradiol (EE, 5 mg/kg b.wt.), galactosamine (GAL, 200 mg/kg b.wt.), uridine (U, 0.9 g/kg b.wt.), EE + GAL, EE + GAL + U, or vehicle in control group. Bile salts were analyzed by HPLC as described under Materials and Methods in basal bile collected for 15 min. Results are expressed as mean ± S.E. for eight to 12 animals per group.

	Control	GAL	U	EE	EE + GAL	EE + GAL + U
Bile flow (μl/min/g liver)	2.29 ± 0.14	2.13 ± 0.05	2.24 ± 0.16	0.90 ± 0.05^a	1.35 ± 0.08^a^,^b	0.99 ± 0.07^a^,^c
Bile salt output (nmol/min/g liver)	51.9 ± 3.6	57 ± 3.9	59.2 ± 3.7	28.1 ± 1.6^a	42.2 ± 2.4^a^,^b	37.7 ± 3.9^a^,^b
Total glutathione output (nmol/min/g liver)	2.80 ± 0.02	2.88 ± 0.11	3.01 ± 0.11	0.05 ± 0.01^a	0.11 ± 0.04^a	0.02 ± 0.01^a
HCO₃^– output (nmol/min/g liver)	50 ± 3	48 ± 1	52 ± 3	20 ± 3^a	30 ± 2^a^,^b	19 ± 2^a^,^c
Individual bile salt output (nmol/min/g liver)
MC	23.2 ± 2.7	27.1 ± 2.6	27.7 ± 2.5	18.8 ± 1.6	20.6 ± 2.1	23.7 ± 2.2
UDC	2.8 ± 0.5	3.8 ± 0.6	3.7 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.2^a	2.0 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3^a
HDC	3.2 ± 0.6	3.0 ± 0.4	3.3 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 0.4	3.3 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 0.4
C	17.3 ± 1.3	18.2 ± 2.2	19.9 ± 1.3	5.5 ± 0.7^a	13.0 ± 0.9^a^,^b	8.1 ± 1.2^a^,^c
CDC	3.6 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.1^a	2.0 ± 0.4^b	1.2 ± 0.4^a
DC	1.9 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.4	2.2 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.2^a	1.3 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.2^a
Serum biochemical parameters
AST (U/l)	135 ± 29	72 ± 21	132 ± 25	167 ± 24	98 ± 16	99 ± 15
ALT (U/l)	138 ± 16	77 ± 18	134 ± 21	131 ± 13	84 ± 21	94 ± 25
ALP (U/l)	298 ± 32	179 ± 38	285 ± 28	416 ± 29^a	405 ± 19^a	400 ± 21^a

MC, muricholate; UDC, ursodeoxycholate; HDC, hiodeoxycholate; C, cholate; CDC, chenodeoxycholate; DC, deoxycholate
↵ a Significantly different from control (P < 0.05)
↵ b Significantly different from EE (P < 0.05)
↵ c Significantly different from EE + GAL (P < 0.05)