TABLE 2

DME and TF described in PBMC of healthy subjects during the past 10 years

Authors, Year	Cell Type	Blood Quantities	Number of Healthy Subjects	Phenotype	Inducing Compounds	DME and TF
		ml
Raucy et al., 1997	Lymphocytes	320	22	Immunoblot (microsomes)	Alcohol	CYP2E1
				RT-PCR
				Chlorzoxazone – clearance
Baron et al., 1998	Monocytes and culture		10	RT-PCR	Benzanthracene	CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, CYP3A3/4
					Dexamethasone
				Immunoblot	Cyclosporine
					Phenobarbital
				p-Nitrophenol hydroxylase	Tetradecanoyl-phorbol
					Liposaccharide
Dassi et al., 1998	PBMC	?^a	75	RT-PCR	Tobacco	CYP1B1
Spencer et al., 1999	PBMC and culture	60	10	RT-PCR	Dioxins	CYPB1
Stärkel et al., 1999	Neutrophils and lymphocytes	100	8	Immunoblot	Rifampicin	CYP3A
				6βOH-cortisol
Takeda et al., 1999	PBMC	?	10	RT-PCR Southern blot		CYP11B2
Boucher et al., 2000	PBMC	?	17	Flow cytometry RT-PCR	Fat diet	CYP2E1 protein and mRNA
Krovat et al., 2000	PBMC	40	10	RT-PCR		CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, epoxide hydrolase, CYP2F1 (very low)
Nakamoto et al., 2000	Lymphocytes	10	8	RT-PCR	Rifampicine 3 weeks (tuberculosis)	CYP3A4
Nguyen et al., 2000	PBMC	?	10	DNA arrays	Interferon	CYP4A11, CYP2J2, CYP2E1, CYP2A6, CYP1A1, CYP2B6, CYP4B1, CYP2C8, CYP3A, CYP1B1, CYP2C9, CYP2C19
Smart and Daly, 2000	PBMC and culture	20	30	EROD assay		CYP1A1, AHR
				Immunoblot
Finnström et al., 2001	Leucocytes	?	13	RT-PCR		CYP2E1, CYP1B1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Hannon-Fletcher et al., 2001	Lymphocytes	15	8	Immunoblot (microsomes)	(Diabetes)	CYP2E1
Asghar et al., 2002	PBMC	25	50	RT-PCR	Rifampicin	CYP2C8, CYP2E1, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP4A11, CYP4B11, ABCB1
Finnström et al., 2002	Leucocytes	?	19	RT-PCR		CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Carcillo et al., 2003	PBMC	8	9	Debrisoquine clearance		CYP2D6
			86	RT-PCR
Gashaw et al., 2003	Leucocytes	8	96	RT-PCR	Rifampicin 5 days	CYP3A4
				Alprazolam clearance
Landi et al., 2003	PBMC and culture	50	62/59	RT-PCR	Dioxins	AHR, CYP1B1, ARNT, and CYP1A1 only after cultures
				EROD assay
Lin et al., 2003	PBMC and culture	20	32	RT-PCR	Benzanthracene	CYP1A1, CYP1B1, AHR, ARNT
					Tobacco
Toide et al., 2003	Leucocytes		72	RT-PCR	Dioxins	CYP1B1
Tuominen et al., 2003	PBMC	8	16	RT-PCR	Formylindolocarbazole	CYP1A1, CYP1B1
Furukawa et al., 2004	Buffy coat	10	20	RT-PCR	(Cancer)	CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2E1
Lampe et al., 2004	PBMC	10	85	Microarrays	Tobacco	CYP1B1
Yamamoto et al., 2004	PBMC	?	13	RT-PCR	Methylcholanthrene	CYP1A1, AHR, AHR repressor gene, ARNT
Haas et al., 2005	Lymphocytes	8	12	Caffeine, debrisoquine, omeprazole, midazolam clearances	Rifampicin	CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C19 (very low)
				RT-PCR
Landi et al., 2005	PBMC and culture	50	62/59	RT-PCR	Dioxins	CYP1A1, CYP1B1
				EROD assay	2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/nitrogen
Liangpunsakul et al., 2005	PBMC	25	20	RT-PCR	Alcohol	CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Miura et al., 2006	PBMC culture	?	7	RT-PCR	Angiotensin II	CYP11B2 and mineralocorticoid receptor

RT, reverse transcription; EROD, ethoxyresorufin O-de[b]ethylase
↵ a ? = not known