TABLE 1

Vitreal pharmacokinetic parameters of systemically administered quinidine (5 mg/kg) alone or in the presence of topically coadministered verapamil, prednisolone sodium phosphate ophthalmic solution (USP, 1% w/v), and erythromycin ointment

Verapamil and prednisolone sodium phosphate were administered at 2, 4, and 6 h after systemic quinidine administration. A single dose of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment (100 mg) was applied at 2 h after quinidine administration. A single control group (quinidine) was compared with each treatment group. Values represent means ± S.D. (n = 4).

Kinetic Parameters	Quinidine	Quinidine + Verapamil (1% w/v)	Quinidine + Prednisolone (1% w/v)	Quinidine+ Erythromycin (0.5% w/w)
λl_z (min⁻¹)	0.0058 ± 0.0006	0.0027 ± 0.0002^***	0.0035 ± 0.0001^**	0.0040 ± 0.0002^**
λ_z half-life (min)	120 ± 14	256 ± 24^***	198 ± 21^*	173 ± 11^*
t_max (min)	115 ± 30	146 ± 23	120 ± 40	115 ± 30
C_max (μg/ml)	0.06 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.007	0.08 ± 0.02
AUC_0–∞ (μg · min/ml)	17 ± 3	39 ± 7.0^**	26 ± 2.0^*	32 ± 9^*
AUC_0–last (μg · min/ml)	16 ± 2	28 ± 5.0^*	22 ± 1.6^*	28 ± 9^*
VZ_F (ml)	50,642 ± 2486	47,661 ± 4490	47,708 ± 5245	38,592 ± 10690
CL_F (ml/min)	296 ± 46	131 ± 21^***	193 ± 15^*	161 ± 50^**
AUMC_0–∞ (μg · min²/ml)	4024 ± 926	17225 ± 4230^***	7519 ± 1289^*	10328 ± 3424^*
MRT_∞ (min)	232 ± 20	435 ± 20^***	288 ± 30^*	310 ± 23^**

VZ_F, volume of distribution; CL_F, clearance.
↵* P < 0.05, difference from control.
↵** P < 0.01.
↵*** P < 0.001 (difference from control).