TABLE 3
Proposed structures of bendamustine metabolites in human urine, formed by the main metabolic conversions and arranged by structure of the benzimidazole/butyric acid moiety
| Metabolic conversion | Bendamustine | γ-Hydroxybendamustine | N-Desmethylbendamustine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrolysis |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  |  | |||
| Cysteine and cysteine-derived conjugations |  | ||||
 |  | ||||
| N-Dealkylation/oxidation |  |  |  | ||
| Phosphate conjugation |  |  |  | ||
| Creatinine/uric acid conjugation |  |  |