Opioid-induced clinical signs
The degrees of the clinical signs are scored as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe. Values shown in the degree columns are the mean degree score for each symptom. Total score = total sum of N × degree. Rats that displayed a score of 1 or higher on 3 or more signs were considered to display opioid-induced behavior.
| Clinical Signs (1 h postdose) | No P-gp Modulator | Elacridar 1.0 mg/kg | Tariquidar 1.0 mg/kg | Elacridar 0.5 mg/kg+ Tariquidar 0.5 mg/kg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N/n | Degree | N/n | Degree | N/n | Degree | N/n | Degree | |
| Central nervous system | ||||||||
| Lethargy | 0/12 | 0 | 6/12 | 2 | 4/12 | 2 | 9/12 | 3 |
| Whole-body tetany | 0/12 | 0 | 0/12 | 0 | 0/12 | 0 | 9/12 | 2 |
| Straub tail | 0/12 | 0 | 0/12 | 0 | 0/12 | 0 | 2/12 | 3 |
| Piloerection | 0/12 | 0 | 4/12 | 1 | 3/12 | 1 | 7/12 | 2 |
| Pulmonary | ||||||||
| Shallow breathing | 0/12 | 0 | 5/12 | 2 | 2/12 | 1 | 9/12 | 3 |
| Eyes | ||||||||
| Eye protrusion | 0/12 | 0 | 0/12 | 0 | 0/12 | 0 | 5/12 | 2 |
| Total score | 0 | 26 | 13 | 102 | ||||
N/n, number of rats displaying these clinical signs/number of rats per group (n = 12).