Parameter | Metformin | Metformin + Pantoprazole | Metformin + Rabeprazole | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
AUC (ng/ml · h) | 5863 ± 1531 | 6758 ± 2034 | 6770 ± 1710 | 0.145 |
Cmax (ng/ml) | 1112 ± 267 | 1287 ± 360 | 1342 ± 271 | 0.032 |
Tmax (h) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.5) | 1.5 (0.5, 2.5) | 2 (0.5, 2.5) | 0.902 |
t1/2 (h) | 3.53 ± 0.60 | 3.38 ± 0.69 | 3.28 ± 0.54 | 0.376 |
fe | 0.66 ± 0.26 | 0.70 ± 0.23 | 0.75 ± 0.32 | 0.512 |
CLR (ml/min) | 967 ± 316 | 889 ± 238 | 916 ± 278 | 0.631 |
CLCr (ml/min) | 131 ± 26 | 129 ± 24 | 129 ± 23 | 0.975 |
SrCLR (ml/min) | 837 ± 312 | 761 ± 239 | 788 ± 276 | 0.636 |
Glucose0h | 84.7 ± 5.9 | 85.4 ± 5.8 | 85.7 ± 6.0 | 0.845 |
AUG (mg/dl · min) | 20,939 ± 2934 | 21,067 ± 2256 | 20,188 ± 2,326 | 0.448 |
Gmax (mg/dl) | 143 ± 18 | 144 ± 16 | 139 ± 16 | 0.618 |
Tglc_max (min) | 60 (30, 150) | 45 (30, 150) | 45 (30, 150) | 0.284 |
%AUG (% · min) | 6,735 ± 3,189 | 6,739 ± 2,153 | 5,709 ± 2,485 | 0.320 |
%Gmax (%) | 68.7 ± 20.3 | 68.7 ± 13.6 | 62.9 ± 18.7 | 0.440 |
fe, fraction excretion unchanged; Glucose0h, serum glucose concentration before oral glucose tolerance test; AUG, total area under the serum concentration-time curve for glucose (0–180 min after ingestion); Tglc_max, time of maximum serum glucose concentration; %AUG, total area under the change (%) of glucose level–time curve; %Gmax, maximum change (%) in glucose concentration.