Cross-species overview of other metabolizing enzyme families
Fetal-adult relationships have not been described for nonhuman primates, dogs, and pigs.
| Enzyme | Human | Mice | Rat | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UGT family | UGT1A1 was detected in mesonephros/metanephros stage. | No fetal-adult relation described. | No fetal-adult relation described. | Lucier et al., 1977; Hume et al., 1995; (Ekström et al., 2013) |
| UGT2B7 was more abundant in fetal kidney than liver. | ||||
| SULT family | SULT1A3 levels were higher in fetal (18–25 GW) kidneys than in adults. | SULT 1b1, SULT1e1, SULT2a1/2, SULT2b1, SULT3A1, SULT4a1 levels were very low or absent (8 PNW). | SULT1C1 mRNA expression was mainly in liver, with very low or no expression in kidney, spleen, lung, colon, intestine, or brain. | Cappiello et al., 1991; Nagata et al., 1993; Pacifici et al., 1993; Barker et al., 1994; Gilissen et al., 1994; Her et al., 1997; Dunn and Klaassen, 1998; Xiangrong et al., 2000; Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006 |
| SULT1A1 was detected at 15 PNW and remained unchanged in the first 1.5 postnatal yr. | SULT1C1 and SULT1D1 increased over time from PND 2 to PND 45. | SULT1C2 mRNA and protein are highly expressed in kidney, followed by stomach and liver. | ||
| SULT2A1 was low to nondetectable before 25 GW but was then increased substantially during the latter half of gestation to approach adult levels during neonate. | PAPSs1 remained equal over this time period. | |||
| SULT1C2 was detected in fetal kidneys. | Renal SULT1C2 mRNA was expressed at high levels in fetuses 2 days before birth and remained constant after birth until 10 PND, when mRNA levels began to increase. However, 22 PND, mRNA levels began to decline in male kidneys, whereas female levels remained constant. | |||
| GSTA1/A2 | GSTA1/A2 protein were detected and active in the kidney from 8 GW and increased in function in the first 2 life-years | No fetal-adult relation described. | GSTA1 was increased from PNW 1 to 4. GSTA2 was only detected from PNW k3-4 | Hiley et al., 1989; Beckett et al., 1990; Oberley et al., 1995; Raijmakers et al., 2001 |
| No fetal data available. | ||||
| GSTm | GSTm levels were constant pre- and postnatal. | No fetal-adult relation described. | No fetal-adult relation described. | Beckett et al., 1990; Raijmakers et al., 2001 |
| GSTm protein was detectable at GW 8 and slightly increased at GW 13. Concentration was on average similar in adult life. | ||||
| GSTP1 | GSTP1 activity was decreased from pre- to postnatal age. GSTP1 protein was detectable at GW 8 of and rapidly increased at GW 13. Concentration was lower in adult life. | No fetal-adult relation described. | GSTP showed a relatively stable signal at PNW 1–4 | Beckett et al., 1990; Oberley et al., 1995; Raijmakers et al., 2001 |
| No fetal data available. | ||||
| EPHX | EPHX1 was present and increased from 7.5 to and 25 GW. | No fetal-adult relation described. | No fetal-adult relation described. | Pacifici et al., 1983; Omiecinski et al., 1994 |
| NATS | NATS was present in fetuses, and activity was somewhat comparable between fetal and adult tissue. | No fetal-adult relation described. | No fetal-adult relation described. | Pacifici et al., 1986 |
EPHX, epoxide hydrolase; NATS, N-acetyltransferase.