TABLE 1
Summary of structure and disposition pathways of the four probe compounds
| Compounds | Structure | Indication | Routes of Clearance in Human |
|---|---|---|---|
| AP |  | Not applicable | Cytochrome P450–mediated oxidative metabolism by 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, and 3A4 (Balani et al., 2002) |
| RTG |  | Anti-HIV | Phase II glucuronidation by UGT1A1 (Kassahun et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2019) |
| 3TC |  | Anti-HIV | Active transport and renal clearance by MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, and BCRP (Johnson et al., 1999) |
| ICG |  | Medical diagnostics | Transported by OATP1B3 and NTCP (de Graaf et al., 2011). Clearance route for ICG is unclear (Huang and Vore, 2001; Hwang et al., 2017). |
BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MDR1, multidrug resistance mutation 1; MRP, multidrug resistance-associated protein; NTCP, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide; OATP1B3, organic anion transporter family 1 member B3; UGT1A1, UDP (uridine diphosphate) glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1.