Research ArticlesPharmacokinetics of Morphine and its Surrogates VII: High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analyses and Pharmacokinetics of Methadone and its Derived Metabolites in Dogs
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The effect of fluconazole on oral methadone in dogs
2019, Veterinary Anaesthesia and AnalgesiaCitation Excerpt :The formation of the active tramadol metabolite (O-desmethyltramadol) was increased due to a different CYP responsible for that metabolic pathway. The metabolites of methadone are inactive and have not been well described in dogs (Garrett et al. 1985). Therefore, we did not quantify changes in methadone metabolic pathways or metabolite formation.
Evaluation of methadone concentrations in bitches and in umbilical cords after epidural or systemic administration for caesarean section: A randomized trial
2019, Veterinary Anaesthesia and AnalgesiaCitation Excerpt :In the present study, the methadone concentrations in the plasma of the bitches and in the umbilical cords of their puppies were evaluated after epidural or systemic administration for analgesia during emergency caesarean section. There is a paucity of information concerning the pharmacokinetics of methadone in dogs after epidural administration (Garrett et al. 1985; Schmidt et al. 1994; Ingvast-Larsson et al. 2010). In human medicine, epidurally administered methadone reached peak plasma concentrations within 10–20 minutes, similar to those observed after IM injection, in the same patients (Max et al. 1985).
Chloramphenicol significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of oral methadone in Greyhound dogs
2015, Veterinary Anaesthesia and AnalgesiaCitation Excerpt :Significant effects on the MRT and terminal half-life occurred in the chloramphenicol treatments, suggesting that inhibited elimination was a substantial component of this drug interaction. Biliary and renal secretion of intact methadone is low in dogs, which suggests that transporters such as P-gp are not prominent pathways of methadone elimination in dogs (Garrett et al. 1985). Further studies assessing the in vitro metabolism of methadone, the effects of P-gp on methadone transport in dogs and the effects of chloramphenicol on transporters in dogs are needed to fully elucidate the drug–drug interaction between methadone and chloramphenicol in dogs.
Population pharmacokinetics of methadone hydrochloride after a single intramuscular administration in adult Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon)
2015, Veterinary Anaesthesia and AnalgesiaThe effects of concurrent administration of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of oral methadone in healthy dogs
2011, Veterinary Anaesthesia and AnalgesiaCitation Excerpt :Previous studies have described the pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) methadone in dogs (Garrett et al. 1985; Schmidt et al. 1994; KuKanich et al. 2005a; KuKanich & Borum 2008). Methadone has a short half-life of approximately 2–4 hours and a rapid clearance approximating hepatic blood flow, suggesting that it has a high hepatic extraction ratio (Garrett et al. 1985; Schmidt et al. 1994; KuKanich et al. 2005a; KuKanich & Borum 2008). Drugs with a high hepatic extraction ratio (ER) often have a low oral bioavailability (F) due to first pass metabolism and can be estimated by the following equation: F = 1−ER (Riviere 1999).
Prediction of the in vitro intrinsic clearance determined in suspensions of human hepatocytes by using artificial neural networks
2010, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences