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Phase 2 trial of erlotinib plus sirolimus in adults with recurrent glioblastoma

  • Clinical Study - Patient Study
  • Published:
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Abstract

We evaluated the anti-tumor activity and safety of erlotinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor, plus sirolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, among patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) in a phase 2, open-label, single-arm trial. Thirty-two patients received daily erlotinib and sirolimus. The doses of erlotinib and sirolimus were 150 mg and 5 mg for patients not on concurrent CYP3A-inducing anti-epileptics (EIAEDS), and 450 mg and 10 mg for patients on EIAEDS. Evaluations were performed every two months. The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival and secondary endpoints included safety and overall survival. Archival tumor samples were assessed for EGFR, EGFRvIII, PTEN, pAKT and pS6. Enrolled patients were heavily pre-treated including 53% who had received three or more prior chemotherapy agents and 28% who had received prior bevacizumab therapy. The most common grade ≥2 adverse events were rash (59%), mucositis (34%) and diarrhea (31%). Grade 3 or higher events were rare. Best radiographic response included stable disease in 15 patients (47%); no patients achieved either a CR or PR. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 3.1% for all patients. Progression-free survival was better for patients not on EIAEDs (P = 0.03). Tumor markers failed to show an association with PFS except for increased pAKT expression which achieved borderline significance (P = 0.045). Although neither rash nor diarrhea had an association with outcome, hyperlipidemia was associated with longer PFS (P = 0.029). Erlotinib plus sirolimus was well tolerated but had negligible activity among unselected recurrent GBM patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT0062243).

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Abbreviations

ANC:

Absolute neutrophil count

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

BUN:

Blood urea nitrogen

CBC:

Complete blood count

CI:

Confidence intervals

CNS:

Central nervous system

CR:

Complete response

CTC:

Common Toxicity Criteria

CYP:

Cytochrome p450

DLT:

Dose-limiting toxicity

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EIAEDs:

Enzyme-inducing antieptileptic drugs

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

GBM:

Glioblastoma multiforme

GS:

Gliosarcoma

IRB:

Institutional review board

ITT:

Intent-to treat

KPS:

Karnofsky performance status

MG:

Malignant glioma

MTD:

Maximum-tolerated dose

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NCI:

National Cancer Institute

NE:

Non-estimable

pAKT:

Phosphorylated akt murine thymomoa viral oncogene homologue 1

PD:

Progressive disease

PFS:

Progression-free survival

P-gp:

p-glycoprotein

pMAPK:

Phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinase

PR:

Partial response

pS-6:

Phosphorylated S-6 ribosomal protein

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homologue

SD:

Stable disease

TKI:

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

XRT:

External beam radiotherapy

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by NIH Grants NS20023 and CA11898; NIH Grant MO1 RR 30, GCRC Program, NCRR; and NCI SPORE 1 P20 CA096890

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Reardon, D.A., Desjardins, A., Vredenburgh, J.J. et al. Phase 2 trial of erlotinib plus sirolimus in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 96, 219–230 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-009-9950-0

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