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Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has come of age: From a vaccine adjuvant to antiviral immunotherapy
2021, Cytokine and Growth Factor ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Nonetheless, a finding that is universal throughout the literature is that GM-CSF increases CD4 + T cell counts [97,101,104,105], which would be beneficial to the patient during the infection. GM-CSF has also been demonstrated to augment the effectiveness of the antiretroviral agent, zidovudine (AZT), in HIV infected macrophages in vitro [106,107] by upregulating thymidine kinase [107,108] to increase intracellular phosphorylation of AZT into its active triphosphate form [109]. In the context of HIV-1 infection of macrophages, other cellular markers in addition to CD4 have been investigated for their role in enabling HIV-1 infection of cells.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of zidovudine (AZT) in the mouse: Model development and scale-up to humans
1997, Journal of Pharmaceutical SciencesHematologic disorders and growth factor support in HIV infection
1996, Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North AmericaMetabolism of zidovudine
1995, General PharmacologySimultaneous analysis of azidothymidine and its mono-, di- and triphosphate derivatives in biological fluids, tissue and cultured cells by a rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method
1992, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications
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