The nonclinical toxicologic profile of stavudine
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Comparative analysis of genetic toxicity of antiretroviral combinations in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster
2013, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :However, the combination of two NRTIs can amplify the genotoxic effects observed due to increased risk of damage to DNA caused by these drugs (Carter et al., 2007; Von Tungeln et al., 2007). Several tests performed with these chemicals individually, in vitro and in vivo, have demonstrated extensive damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA that may be involved in mutagenic and carcinogenic effects (Carter et al., 2007; Olivero et al., 2002; Physicians’ Desk Reference, 2000; Schilling et al., 1995). The toxic manifestations of AZT incorporation into cellular DNA have long been investigated and include the induction of micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, mitochondrial damage, reduction in telomere length and increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (Bialkowska et al., 2000; Bishop et al., 2004; Desai et al., 2009; Gonzalez Cid and Larripa, 1994; IARC 2000; Ji et al., 2005; Von Tungeln et al. 2004; Wu et al., 2011).
Mutagenic and recombinagenic effects of lamivudine and stavudine antiretrovirals in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster
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