Hormonal control of glucose homeostasis during development and ageing in mice

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(82)90059-2

Metabolism

Volume 31, Issue 3, March 1982, Pages 238-246

https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(82)90059-2 Get rights and content

Abstract

Age-related changes in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis were examined in immature (5-wk-old), young adult (10-wk-old) and older adult (30 and 60-wk-old mice). In immature mice, basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher than young adult mice. Glucose tolerance was impaired in immature mice, although the plasma insulin response to glucose and other secretagogues (arginine and glucagon) was well developed, and the hypoglycaemic effect of exogenous insulin was not impaired. Glucagon and epinephrine evoked a greater acute hyperglycaemia in immmature mice, suggesting that these hormones exert a stronger rapid glucose-raising effect in preadult life. Basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lowest in young adult mice, and increased with advancing adult age. Glucose tolerance was best in young adult mice and deteriorated with age, while plasma insulin concentrations after administration of glucose, arginine and glucagon were lowest in young adult mice and increased with age. However, in response to these secretagogues, the percentage increase in plasma insulin above basal was reduced in older adult mice. This indicates a defect of stimulus-recognition-secretion-coupling in the B-cells of older adult mice. The raised plasma glucose concentrations of older adult mice could not be attributed to an increase in the acute hyperglycaemic action of glucagon or epinephrine. The hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin decreased with age, suggesting that tissue sensitivity to insulin was impaired. Treatment with growth hormone and cortisone for 5 days produced a greater antagonism of insulin in older mice than young adult or immature mice. Growth hormone imparied glucose tolerance at each age, but only produced a marked hyperinsulinaemia in older adult mice. In contrast, cortisone produced a marked hyperinsulinaemia at each age, but only impaired glucose tolerance in older adult mice.

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Hormonal control of glucose homeostasis during development and ageing in mice

Abstract

Metabolism

Metabolism

Metabolism

Clin Chem

Adv Metab Disorders

Rec Prog Horm Res

Exp Geront

Metabolism

Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in neonatal and adult mice

Diabetes

Glucose tolerance tests in the newborn

Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. XV. Plasma C-peptide during intravenous glucose tolerance in neonates from normal and insulin-treated diabetic mothers

J Clin Endocirinol Metab

Generalized diminution in the response to nutrients as insulin-releasing agents during the early neonatal period in the rat

Diabetes

Development of glucose intolerance and impaired plasma insulin response to glucose in obese hyperglycaemic (obob) mice

Horm Metab Res

Age-adjusted analysis of insulin responses during normal and abnormal glucose tolerance tests in children and adolescents

Diabetes

Insulin and free fatty acid levels during oral glucose tolerance tests and their relation to age in 70 healthy children

Diabetes

Insulin secreton in the premature infant. Response to glucose and amino acids

Diabetes

Glucose intolerance and aging: evidence for tissue insensitivity to insulin

Diabetes

Abnormal plasma glucose and insulin responses in heterozygous lean (ob/+) mice

Diabetologia

Diurnal variations of food consumption, plasma glucose and plasma insulin concentrations in lean and obese hyperglycaemic mice

Hormone Res

Nutrition and metabolic development in mammals

Endocrine and metabolic aspects of fuel homeostasis in the fetus and neonate

Glucose metabolism in the newborn rat: hormonal effects in vivo

Biochem J

Development of glucagon sensitivity in neonetal rat liver

J Clin Invest

Adrenal steroids and carbohydrate metabolism

Vitamins Hormones

Hormonal and nonhormonal factors modifying man's response to insulin

Excessive glucagon responses to arginine in active acromegaly

Horm Metab Res

Glucagon release precedes insulin release in response to common secretagogues

Diabetes

Direct stimulation by growth hormone of glucagon and insulin release from isolated rat pancreas

Endocrinology

Development of glucose intolerance and impaired plasma insulin response to glucose in obese hyperglycaemic ( $ob ob$ ) mice