Fundamental and Applied Toxicology
Dermal absorption of phthalate diesters in rats☆
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2015, Toxicology in VitroCitation Excerpt :Some phthalate esters with short alkyl chains, like dibutyl phthalate (DBP), are used in cosmetics and mosquito repellents for topical use (Int. J. Toxicol., 2005; Vartak et al., 1994). Besides, phthalates with lower molecular weights are more highly absorbed (Elsisi et al., 1989). DBP, as well as certain other phthalates, has attracted great attention from the scientific community because of their possible endocrine disruptive effects that can alter the normal development of the male reproductive tract (Fisher et al., 2003; Heudorf et al., 2007; Martino-Andrade et al., 2009).
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2014, Environment InternationalCitation Excerpt :The intake rate through skin per unit of direct dermal application is a key determinant for total intake of these compounds. For estimating iF from direct dermal application, we used the fraction of applied dose absorbed through skin for adults (Elsisi et al., 1989; McKee et al., 2002; Wormuth et al., 2006). This fraction is derived from rat skin measurements and extrapolated to human adult skin based on the observation that the absorption rate through rat skin is 7 to 10 times greater than that through human skin (Koniecki et al., 2011; Mint et al., 1994).
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Supported by NIH Grant ES-82130.