Inhibition of nitric oxide production on LPS-activated macrophages by kazinol B from Broussonetia kazinoki
Introduction
The branches, leaves and fruits of Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb have been used as a diuretic, a tonic and a suppressant for edema in Chinese folk medicine. The cytotoxic activity of prenylated flavonols and flavanes from leaves [1] and root bark [2] was evaluated against several different cell lines. Antioxidant and inhibitory activity against tyrosinase [3], [4] was also reported from the root bark of B. kazinoki. Kazinol B, an isoprenylated flavan was found to be able to stimulate the respiratory burst by the synergism of PKC activation and Ca2+ elevation in rat neutrophils [5] and inhibit the cyclooxygenase [6], [7]. Alkaloids [8], [9], [10], [11] and flavonoids [12], [13], [14], [15] were previously isolated from B. kazinoki.
The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of B. kazinoki on the NO production in lipopolysaccharide activated fraction. A further aim is to isolate the relevant active principle by activity-guided chromatographic procedures.
Section snippets
Plant material
B. kazinoki (Moraceae) was collected in the suburbs of Suwon city, the southern part of Kyung-Gi Province, Korea in November 1997 and authenticated by Prof. T.H. Kim at the College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University. A voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium of the Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (voucher specimen No. SPH 97009).
Extraction and isolation
The ethanolic extract (374 g) of dried and powdered root bark (4.4 kg) was fractionated to yield an ethylacetate soluble fraction (250 g)
Results and discussion
The ethylacetate soluble fraction of B. kazinoki exhibited 78.2% inhibition of LPS-induced NO production at the concentration of 50 μg/ml in cell culture media. Stimulation of macrophages by LPS may increase the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS). The NO and its derivatives such as peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide, produced in large amounts by the iNOS play a role in inflammation and also possibly in the multistage process of carcinogenesis [19]. When kazinol B from ethylacetate
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Sookmyung Women's University Research Grants 2001.
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