Effect of mangiferin on hyperglycemia and atherogenicity in streptozotocin diabetic rats
Introduction
Mangiferin, a xanthone glucoside, is an active phytochemical present in various plants including Mangifera indica L (Family: Anacardiaceae, Genus: Mangifera) (Chopra et al., 1956). Mangiferin has been reported to possess antioxidant (Sanchez et al., 2000), antitumor (Guha et al., 1996), antiviral (Zheng and Lu, 1990, Zhu et al., 1993, Yoosook et al., 2000) and immunomodulatory activities (Guha et al., 1996, Leiro et al., 2004). The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica leaves has been reported to possess hypoglycemic activity in glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats as well as in mice (Aderibigbe et al., 1999, Aderibigbe et al., 2001). Furthermore, the active principle, mangiferin has recently been shown to have antidiabetic activity in KK/Ay mice, a genetic model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with hyperinsulinemia (Ichiki et al., 1998, Miura et al., 2001a, Miura et al., 2001b). However, there is no experimental evidence presently available in the literature with regard to its effect on plasma glucose and lipid profiles (atherogenic value) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Hence, the present study was carried out in an attempt to investigate the possible antidiabetic and antiatherogenic activities of mangiferin, isolated from the leaves of Mangifera indica in STZ-diabetic rats. In addition, the effect of mangiferin on oral glucose tolerance in glucose-loaded normal rats was also studied.
Section snippets
Mangiferin
The method of isolation and determination of purity of mangiferin can be found from our earlier report (Muruganandan et al., 2002). Briefly, shade-dried and powdered leaves of Mangifera indica were soxhleted for 12 h with petroleum ether (60–80 °C). The defatted plant material was extracted with ethanol under reflux for 16 h, which was further, defatted again with petroleum ether and crystallized repeatedly in aqueous ethylacetate into pale yellow needles. The purity was 95.56% mangiferin upon
Results
Streptozotocin treatment caused significant weight reduction in rats as compared to the vehicle treated normal rats at day 30 of injection (163.33 ± 10.54 g versus 206.67 ± 13.18 g). However, the chronic treatment of mangiferin (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) for 28 days significantly (P < 0.05) restored the body weight loss as compared to the vehicle treated diabetic control rats observed at the end of 28 days of treatment period (191.67 ± 15.35 g and 200 ± 10.72 g versus 130 ± 5.16 g, respectively). However, the
Discussion
Owing to the reported antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties of mangiferin, a xanthone-C-glucoside in non-insulin dependent KK/Ay mice with hyperinsulinemia, the present study was carried out in an attempt to elucidate its effects on hyperglycemia and atherogenesis in STZ-diabetic rats.
In the present study, STZ (55 mg/kg, i.v.) produced significant fasting hyperglycemia and body weight loss. Mangiferin showed significant and consistent reduction in fasting blood glucose levels and also
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