IntroductionThe Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease
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Gut lumen-targeted oral delivery system for bioactive agents to regulate gut microbiome
2022, Journal of Future FoodsCitation Excerpt :Fig. 3C). 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics showed that HCC leads to serious disorder of GM and metabolite structure, while NpRg3 significantly reversed the trend of dozens of microbial at genus level (Fig. 3D), interaction network analysis also suggested that Nprg3 has a significant remodeling effect on the imbalance between GM and metabolites caused by HCC (Fig. 3E) [39–41]. This study reported the efficacy of oral delivery system using polysaccharide derivatives as cargos in remodeling the structure of GM and intervening in the disease progression.
Bidirectional and dynamic interaction between the microbiota and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer
2021, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Reviews on CancerCitation Excerpt :In conclusion, microbial dysbiosis leads to pancreatic disorders via alteration of immune patterns (MAMP-mediated inflammation activation) and metabolism (increased butyrate and decreased propionate in diabetes); however, the microbial species involved, and the biochemical mechanism need further investigation. Microbial dysbiosis and translocation are thought to be of great significance as inducing factors in carcinogenesis [30], including that of PDAC [31]. A recent study showed that 68.2% of PDAC samples were positive for bacterial DNA [7], predominantly including Proteobacteria (45%), Bacteroidetes (31%), and Firmicutes (22%) [19], with a more abundant microbiome compared to that of a normal pancreas.
Lemon Exosome-like Nanoparticles-Manipulated Probiotics Protect Mice from C. diff Infection
2020, iScienceCitation Excerpt :Therefore, our results presented in this study also open a new avenue to investigate the effect of ELN, in general, on the improvement of probiotic's beneficial properties besides inducing bile acid resistance. It is well recognized that gut microbiota-derived metabolites have huge impact on our overall health (Owyang and Wu, 2014). Our results showed that LELN treatment leads to altering the composition of LELN recipient metabolites; it is conceivable that these altered metabolites may contribute to anti-CDI by modulating not only the activity of gut microbiota near LELN-recipient probiotics but also host cellular activity when they are increased systemically.
Even Cancer Cells Watch Their Cholesterol!
2019, Molecular CellCitation Excerpt :Vitamins and essential amino acid synthesis, as well as generation of important metabolic byproducts from dietary breakdown, are among the prime benefits that gut microbiota provide to their host and are absolutely essential for health. Moreover, diet plays a significant role in shaping the microbiome, mediating microbial shifts that can lead to metabolic disorders and cancer (David et al., 2014; Owyang and Wu, 2014). The production of cholesterol-derived metabolites, such as coprostanol and secondary bile acids present in peripheral tissues, reveals a key role for gut microbiota in reducing and eliminating cholesterol (Antharam et al., 2016; Pyo et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2003; Zimber et al., 2000).
Microbiome and colorectal cancer: Roles in carcinogenesis and clinical potential
2019, Molecular Aspects of MedicineCitation Excerpt :The gut microbiota is involved in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and epithelial barrier function. In a healthy situation, the intestinal barrier is efficiently compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen, but perturbations in gut barrier function can lead to increased “intestinal permeability”, which has been shown to be associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, and CRC development (Arrieta et al., 2006; Bischoff et al., 2014; Owyang and Wu, 2014; Sattar et al., 1985). In addition, the collective activities of gut microbes and particularly their metabolic products can have a major influence on the immune response, and be a source of chronic inflammation.
Osteoporosis
2018, Integrative Medicine: Fourth Edition