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Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-5575
ISSN (Online): 1875-5607

Ligand Recognition by Drug-Activated Nuclear Receptors PXR and CAR: Structural, Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Molecular Modeling Studies

Author(s): Antti Poso and Paavo Honkakoski

Volume 6, Issue 8, 2006

Page: [937 - 943] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/138955706777935008

Price: $65

Abstract

Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) are the principal regulators of drug/xenobiotic disposition and toxicity. These nuclear receptors display considerable cross-regulation of their target genes, and species-specific, yet promiscuous activation by a large number of structurally dissimilar ligands. Activation of PXR and/or CAR will frequently result in enhanced drug metabolism, disturbances in homeostasis of endogenous substances, and increased toxicity. Thus, understanding, measurement and prediction of ligand-elicited activation of PXR and CAR receptors is of utmost importance for the drug development process. In this mini-review, we will review the recent elucidation of structural properties of PXR and CAR, the molecular determinants of their ligand and species specificities and progress made in in silico models for identification of PXR and CAR activators.

Keywords: ligand-binding domains (LBDs), rifampicin, CYP enzymes, human PXR pharmacophore models, QSAR


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