Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways mediate the diverse effects of growth hormone (GH) on growth and metabolism. The interaction of GH with GH receptors (GHR) on target cells promotes the association of the cellular tyrosine kinase JAK2 with the GHR, initiating tyrosine phosphorylation of GHR and JAK2, and activation of multiple signaling cascades. GH-stimulated activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3K) cascades have been shown to regulate the transcription of GH-responsive genes. Cross-talk among these signaling cascades in regulating specific genes suggests that GH signaling to the nucleus involves a GH-regulated signaling network.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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DNA-Binding Proteins / physiology
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Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
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Human Growth Hormone / physiology*
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Humans
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / physiology
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Islets of Langerhans / physiology
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Janus Kinase 2
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Liver / metabolism
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Milk Proteins*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / physiology
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
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Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / physiology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins*
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Receptor, Insulin / physiology
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Receptors, Somatotropin / physiology
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STAT5 Transcription Factor
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Sex Characteristics
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
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Trans-Activators / physiology
Substances
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Milk Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Receptors, Somatotropin
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STAT5 Transcription Factor
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Trans-Activators
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Human Growth Hormone
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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Receptor, Insulin
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JAK2 protein, human
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Janus Kinase 2
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases