Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolites ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate contribute to controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis. Ceramide and its catabolite sphingosine act as negative regulators of cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Conversely, sphingosine 1-phosphate, formed by phosphorylation of sphingosine by a sphingosine kinase, has been involved in stimulating cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis. As the phosphorylation of sphingosine diminishes apoptosis, while dephosphorylation of sphingosine 1-phosphate potentiates it, the role of sphingosine as a messenger of apoptosis is of importance. Herein, the effects of sphingosine on diverse signaling pathways implicated in the apoptotic process are reviewed.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Amidohydrolases / metabolism
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Animals
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Apoptosis / physiology*
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Caspases / metabolism
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Cell Division
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Cell Line
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Ceramidases
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Humans
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Lysophospholipids*
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Membrane Proteins*
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Mitochondria / metabolism
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / metabolism
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Phosphorylation
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Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / metabolism
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins*
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Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Sphingomyelins / metabolism
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Sphingosine / analogs & derivatives*
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Sphingosine / biosynthesis
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Sphingosine / metabolism
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Sphingosine / physiology*
Substances
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Lysophospholipids
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Membrane Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Sphingomyelins
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sphingosine 1-phosphate
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Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
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sphingosine kinase
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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RPS6KA1 protein, human
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Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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SGPP1 protein, human
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sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase
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Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
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Caspases
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Amidohydrolases
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Ceramidases
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Sphingosine