Abstract
We have previously shown ginsenosides derived from Panax ginseng exert opposing effects on angiogenesis. Here, we examined protopanaxadiol-containing ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh2, and PPD) and protopanaxatriol-containing ginsenosides (Rg1, Rh1, and PPT) as potential inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Among these ginsenosides, metabolites Rh2, PPD, and PPT significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone (MX) to human breast carcinoma MCF-7/MX cells which overexpress BCRP. PPD was the most potent followed by Rh2 and PPT. This effect was not seen in sensitive MCF-7 cells. Rg3, Rg1, and Rh1 were ineffective in either MCF-7 or MCF-7/MX cells. PPD, Rh2, and PPT were able to inhibit MX efflux in MCF-7/MX cells. PPD and Rh2 also increased MX uptake. In inside out membrane vesicles from Lactococcus lactis cells expressing BCRP, only PPD was found to significantly inhibit BCRP-associated vanadate sensitive ATPase activity. These results indicate that metabolites PPD, Rh2, and PPT were inhibitors of BCRP.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / antagonists & inhibitors
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / genetics
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / metabolism
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
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ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / antagonists & inhibitors*
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ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / genetics
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ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / metabolism
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Adenosine Triphosphatases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Adenosine Triphosphatases / metabolism
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Antineoplastic Agents / metabolism
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Proliferation / drug effects
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Doxorubicin / metabolism
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Doxorubicin / pharmacology
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Drug Resistance, Multiple / drug effects
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Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / drug effects
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Drug Synergism
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Gene Expression
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Ginsenosides / chemistry
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Ginsenosides / metabolism
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Ginsenosides / pharmacology*
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Humans
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Mitoxantrone / metabolism
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Mitoxantrone / pharmacology
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Molecular Structure
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Neoplasm Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
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Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Structure-Activity Relationship
Substances
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ABCG2 protein, human
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
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ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Ginsenosides
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Neoplasm Proteins
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Doxorubicin
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Mitoxantrone
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Adenosine Triphosphatases
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vanadate-sensitive ATPase