Abstract
The aim of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is to achieve optimal drug targeting by producing pulmonary effects with a minimum of systemic side effects. To achieve a favorable safety and efficacy profile, an ICS should possess the necessary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Ideally, an ICS would have high pulmonary deposition efficiency, high systemic clearance, negligible oral bioavailability, sustained pulmonary residence time, selective binding to the corticosteroid receptor, and high plasma protein binding. Recent developments in ICS therapy have used these concepts in producing more effective compounds resulting in drugs with a very high therapeutic index. Additional developments may consider exploring improvements in delivery devices and drug formulations to improve pulmonary residence time.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
-
Review
MeSH terms
-
Administration, Inhalation
-
Administration, Oral
-
Adrenal Cortex Hormones / administration & dosage*
-
Adrenal Cortex Hormones / adverse effects
-
Adrenal Cortex Hormones / pharmacokinetics*
-
Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
-
Anti-Asthmatic Agents / administration & dosage*
-
Anti-Asthmatic Agents / adverse effects
-
Anti-Asthmatic Agents / pharmacokinetics*
-
Anti-Asthmatic Agents / therapeutic use
-
Asthma / drug therapy*
-
Asthma / metabolism
-
Asthma / physiopathology
-
Biological Availability
-
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
-
Drug Administration Schedule
-
Drug Therapy / trends
-
Equipment Design
-
Humans
-
Metabolic Clearance Rate
-
Nebulizers and Vaporizers
-
Prodrugs / administration & dosage*
-
Prodrugs / adverse effects
-
Prodrugs / pharmacokinetics*
-
Prodrugs / therapeutic use
-
Protein Binding
-
Receptors, Steroid / drug effects
-
Receptors, Steroid / metabolism
-
Tissue Distribution
Substances
-
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
-
Anti-Asthmatic Agents
-
Prodrugs
-
Receptors, Steroid