Cyclosporin A affects the bioavailability of ginkgolic acids via inhibition of P-gp and BCRP

Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014 Nov;88(3):759-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.06.012. Epub 2014 Jun 26.

Abstract

Ginkgolic acids (GAs) in natural product Ginkgobiloba L. are the pharmacological active but also toxic components. Two compounds, GA (C15:1) and GA (C17:1) are the most abundant GAs. In this study, several in vitro and in vivo models were applied to investigate transport mechanism of GAs. A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of GA (C15:1) and GA (C17:1) was applied to analyze the biological specimens. The Papp(AP→BL) values of GA (C15:1) and GA (C17:1) were 1.66-2.13×10(-)(6)cm/s and 1.34-1.85×10(-)(6)cm/s determined using MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cell monolayers, respectively. The Papp(BL→AP) were remarkably greater in the MDCK-MDR1 cell line, which were 6.77-11.2×10(-)(6)cm/s for GA (C15:1) and 4.73-5.15×10(-)(6)cm/s for GA (C17:1). Similar results were obtained in LLC-PK1 and LLC-PK1-BCRP cell monolayers. The net efflux ratio of GA (C15:1) and GA (C17:1) in both cell models was greater than 2 and markedly reduced by the presence of Cyclosporin A (CsA) or GF120918, inhibitors of P-gp and BCRP, suggesting that GAs are P-gp and BCRP substrates. The results from a rat bioavailability study also showed that co-administrating CsA intravenously (20mg/kg) could significantly increase GA (C15:1) and GA (C17:1) AUC0-t by 1.46-fold and 1.53-fold and brain concentration levels of 1.43-fold and 1.51-fold, respectively, due to the inhibition of P-gp and BCRP efflux transporters by CsA.

Keywords: BCRP; Bioavailability; CsA; Cytotoxicity; GA (C15:1); GA (C17:1); P-gp; Pharmacokinetics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / antagonists & inhibitors
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / genetics
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / genetics
  • Animals
  • Biological Availability
  • Biological Transport
  • Brain / drug effects
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Cell Culture Techniques
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cyclosporine / pharmacology*
  • Dogs
  • LLC-PK1 Cells
  • Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
  • Male
  • Neoplasm Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Salicylates / blood
  • Salicylates / pharmacokinetics*
  • Salicylates / toxicity
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Swine
  • Tissue Distribution
  • Transfection

Substances

  • ABCB1 protein, human
  • ABCG2 protein, human
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • Salicylates
  • ginkgolic acid
  • Cyclosporine