UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity for aliphatic alcohols was determined in microsomal liver fractions of Wistar rats. The rats were pretreated with inducers of cytochrome P450 and UGTs [phenobarbital (PB), beta-naphtoflavone (betaNF), and ethanol (10%)], and inhibition experiments with aliphatic alcohols and specific substrates for UGTs were performed to characterize the UGT form(s) responsible for the glucuronidation of aliphatic alcohols. Several UGT isoforms were purified from liver microsomes of low-androsterone-conjugating activity (LA), controls, and ethanol-pretreated rats by chromatofocusing and affinity chromatography. The results show aliphatic alcohols to be specific substrates for 17beta-hydroxysteroid UGT with considerable glucuronidation rates. This elimination pathway for aliphatic alcohols is not inducible by the tested inducers. Compared with kinetic data of oxidation, glucuronidation is probably the main elimination pathway for alcohols with a longer chain length than C3, especially when oxidation pathways are inhibited by the presence of proportionately high ethanol concentrations.